pgsql: Include the backend ID in the relpath of temporary relations.

Log Message:
-----------
Include the backend ID in the relpath of temporary relations.

This allows us to reliably remove all leftover temporary relation
files on cluster startup without reference to system catalogs or WAL;
therefore, we no longer include temporary relations in XLOG_XACT_COMMIT
and XLOG_XACT_ABORT WAL records.

Since these changes require including a backend ID in each
SharedInvalSmgrMsg, the size of the SharedInvalidationMessage.id
field has been reduced from two bytes to one, and the maximum number
of connections has been reduced from INT_MAX / 4 to 2^23-1.  It would
be possible to remove these restrictions by increasing the size of
SharedInvalidationMessage by 4 bytes, but right now that doesn't seem
like a good trade-off.

Review by Jaime Casanova and Tom Lane.

Modified Files:
--------------
    pgsql/doc/src/sgml:
        storage.sgml (r1.32 -> r1.33)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/storage.sgml?r1=1.32&r2=1.33)
    pgsql/src/backend/access/heap:
        visibilitymap.c (r1.10 -> r1.11)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/heap/visibilitymap.c?r1=1.10&r2=1.11)
    pgsql/src/backend/access/nbtree:
        nbtsort.c (r1.125 -> r1.126)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsort.c?r1=1.125&r2=1.126)
    pgsql/src/backend/access/transam:
        twophase.c (r1.62 -> r1.63)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/transam/twophase.c?r1=1.62&r2=1.63)
        xact.c (r1.297 -> r1.298)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/transam/xact.c?r1=1.297&r2=1.298)
        xlogutils.c (r1.71 -> r1.72)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/transam/xlogutils.c?r1=1.71&r2=1.72)
    pgsql/src/backend/catalog:
        catalog.c (r1.90 -> r1.91)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/catalog/catalog.c?r1=1.90&r2=1.91)
        heap.c (r1.374 -> r1.375)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/catalog/heap.c?r1=1.374&r2=1.375)
        index.c (r1.337 -> r1.338)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/catalog/index.c?r1=1.337&r2=1.338)
        namespace.c (r1.128 -> r1.129)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/catalog/namespace.c?r1=1.128&r2=1.129)
        storage.c (r1.10 -> r1.11)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/catalog/storage.c?r1=1.10&r2=1.11)
        toasting.c (r1.33 -> r1.34)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/catalog/toasting.c?r1=1.33&r2=1.34)
    pgsql/src/backend/commands:
        copy.c (r1.328 -> r1.329)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/commands/copy.c?r1=1.328&r2=1.329)
        sequence.c (r1.169 -> r1.170)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/commands/sequence.c?r1=1.169&r2=1.170)
        tablecmds.c (r1.339 -> r1.340)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c?r1=1.339&r2=1.340)
    pgsql/src/backend/postmaster:
        bgwriter.c (r1.68 -> r1.69)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/bgwriter.c?r1=1.68&r2=1.69)
    pgsql/src/backend/storage/buffer:
        bufmgr.c (r1.256 -> r1.257)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/storage/buffer/bufmgr.c?r1=1.256&r2=1.257)
        localbuf.c (r1.89 -> r1.90)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/storage/buffer/localbuf.c?r1=1.89&r2=1.90)
    pgsql/src/backend/storage/file:
        fd.c (r1.157 -> r1.158)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c?r1=1.157&r2=1.158)
    pgsql/src/backend/storage/freespace:
        freespace.c (r1.77 -> r1.78)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/storage/freespace/freespace.c?r1=1.77&r2=1.78)
    pgsql/src/backend/storage/smgr:
        md.c (r1.151 -> r1.152)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/storage/smgr/md.c?r1=1.151&r2=1.152)
        smgr.c (r1.121 -> r1.122)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/storage/smgr/smgr.c?r1=1.121&r2=1.122)
    pgsql/src/backend/utils:
        probes.d (r1.12 -> r1.13)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/utils/probes.d?r1=1.12&r2=1.13)
    pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt:
        dbsize.c (r1.32 -> r1.33)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/dbsize.c?r1=1.32&r2=1.33)
    pgsql/src/backend/utils/cache:
        inval.c (r1.98 -> r1.99)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/utils/cache/inval.c?r1=1.98&r2=1.99)
        relcache.c (r1.311 -> r1.312)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c?r1=1.311&r2=1.312)
    pgsql/src/backend/utils/misc:
        guc.c (r1.566 -> r1.567)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c?r1=1.566&r2=1.567)
    pgsql/src/include/access:
        xlog_internal.h (r1.33 -> r1.34)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h?r1=1.33&r2=1.34)
    pgsql/src/include/catalog:
        catalog.h (r1.49 -> r1.50)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/catalog/catalog.h?r1=1.49&r2=1.50)
        storage.h (r1.5 -> r1.6)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/catalog/storage.h?r1=1.5&r2=1.6)
    pgsql/src/include/postmaster:
        bgwriter.h (r1.15 -> r1.16)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/postmaster/bgwriter.h?r1=1.15&r2=1.16)
    pgsql/src/include/storage:
        bufmgr.h (r1.124 -> r1.125)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/storage/bufmgr.h?r1=1.124&r2=1.125)
        relfilenode.h (r1.25 -> r1.26)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/storage/relfilenode.h?r1=1.25&r2=1.26)
        sinval.h (r1.59 -> r1.60)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/storage/sinval.h?r1=1.59&r2=1.60)
        smgr.h (r1.71 -> r1.72)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/storage/smgr.h?r1=1.71&r2=1.72)
    pgsql/src/include/utils:
        inval.h (r1.49 -> r1.50)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/utils/inval.h?r1=1.49&r2=1.50)
        rel.h (r1.124 -> r1.125)
        (http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/utils/rel.h?r1=1.124&r2=1.125)