Per the documentation --
dblink fetches the entire remote query result before returning any of it to the local system -- I am guessing the answer is no, but I wondered if there was some way to do something like this:
create view myview as;
select * from dblink(
'server',
'select id from sometable')
cols(id bigint);
And then
select * from myview where id = 123;
Where that remote sometable might have a bajillion rows and the local where would be passed to it otherwise it's days and days for all rows to be returned and then filtered.