BUG #7627: Bad query plan when using LIMIT

The following bug has been logged on the website:

Bug reference:      7627
Logged by:          Edward Faulkner
Email address:      edward@clericare.com
PostgreSQL version: 9.2.1
Operating system:   OSX 10.8.2
Description:        =


The following two queries differ only by adding "LIMIT 1", but the one with
the limit gets radically worse performance. I've done VACUUM FULL, VACUUM
ANALYZE, and REINDEX DATABASE and there are no modifications since.

EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * FROM commits WHERE id IN (SELECT id FROM commits
ORDER BY tree_high LIMIT 605 ) AND tree_other IS NULL ORDER BY tree_high
DESC;
                                                                         =

QUERY PLAN                                                                  =

        =

---------------------------------------------------------------------------=
---------------------------------------------------------------------------=
---------
 Sort  (cost=3D4665.10..4666.59 rows=3D595 width=3D173) (actual
time=3D27.936..28.034 rows=3D543 loops=3D1)
   Sort Key: public.commits.tree_high
   Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: 169kB
   ->  Nested Loop  (cost=3D60.93..4637.68 rows=3D595 width=3D173) (actual
time=3D2.000..26.658 rows=3D543 loops=3D1)
         ->  HashAggregate  (cost=3D60.93..66.98 rows=3D605 width=3D28) (ac=
tual
time=3D1.880..2.214 rows=3D605 loops=3D1)
               ->  Subquery Scan on "ANY_subquery"  (cost=3D0.00..59.42
rows=3D605 width=3D28) (actual time=3D0.034..1.231 rows=3D605 loops=3D1)
                     ->  Limit  (cost=3D0.00..53.37 rows=3D605 width=3D32) =
(actual
time=3D0.032..0.941 rows=3D605 loops=3D1)
                           ->  Index Scan using commit_tree on commits =

(cost=3D0.00..13481.52 rows=3D152837 width=3D32) (actual time=3D0.031..0.799
rows=3D605 loops=3D1)
         ->  Index Scan using commits_pkey on commits  (cost=3D0.00..7.54
rows=3D1 width=3D173) (actual time=3D0.038..0.039 rows=3D1 loops=3D605)
               Index Cond: ((id)::text =3D ("ANY_subquery".id)::text)
               Filter: (tree_other IS NULL)
               Rows Removed by Filter: 0
 Total runtime: 28.210 ms
(13 rows)

EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * FROM commits WHERE id IN (SELECT id FROM commits
ORDER BY tree_high LIMIT 605 ) AND tree_other IS NULL ORDER BY tree_high
DESC LIMIT 1;
                                                                         =

QUERY PLAN                                                                  =

        =

---------------------------------------------------------------------------=
---------------------------------------------------------------------------=
---------
 Limit  (cost=3D0.00..2314.68 rows=3D1 width=3D173) (actual
time=3D46626.438..46626.439 rows=3D1 loops=3D1)
   ->  Nested Loop Semi Join  (cost=3D0.00..1377233.62 rows=3D595 width=3D1=
73)
(actual time=3D46626.437..46626.437 rows=3D1 loops=3D1)
         Join Filter: ((public.commits.id)::text =3D
("ANY_subquery".id)::text)
         Rows Removed by Join Filter: 90573339
         ->  Index Scan Backward using commit_tree on commits =

(cost=3D0.00..13481.52 rows=3D150269 width=3D173) (actual time=3D0.025..406=
.336
rows=3D149708 loops=3D1)
               Filter: (tree_other IS NULL)
               Rows Removed by Filter: 2525
         ->  Materialize  (cost=3D0.00..62.44 rows=3D605 width=3D28) (actual
time=3D0.000..0.084 rows=3D605 loops=3D149708)
               ->  Subquery Scan on "ANY_subquery"  (cost=3D0.00..59.42
rows=3D605 width=3D28) (actual time=3D0.027..1.166 rows=3D605 loops=3D1)
                     ->  Limit  (cost=3D0.00..53.37 rows=3D605 width=3D32) =
(actual
time=3D0.026..0.965 rows=3D605 loops=3D1)
                           ->  Index Scan using commit_tree on commits =

(cost=3D0.00..13481.52 rows=3D152837 width=3D32) (actual time=3D0.026..0.828
rows=3D605 loops=3D1)
 Total runtime: 46626.562 ms
(12 rows)

It's possible to work around the problem like this:

EXPLAIN ANALYZE WITH candidates AS (SELECT * FROM commits WHERE id IN
(SELECT id FROM commits ORDER BY tree_high LIMIT 605 ) AND tree_other IS
NULL) SELECT * FROM candidates ORDER BY tree_high DESC LIMIT 1;
                                                                          =

QUERY PLAN                                                                  =

         =

---------------------------------------------------------------------------=
---------------------------------------------------------------------------=
-----------
 Limit  (cost=3D4652.56..4652.56 rows=3D1 width=3D436) (actual time=3D29.36=
9..29.370
rows=3D1 loops=3D1)
   CTE candidates
     ->  Nested Loop  (cost=3D60.93..4637.68 rows=3D595 width=3D173) (actual
time=3D2.008..27.454 rows=3D543 loops=3D1)
           ->  HashAggregate  (cost=3D60.93..66.98 rows=3D605 width=3D28) (=
actual
time=3D1.891..2.271 rows=3D605 loops=3D1)
                 ->  Subquery Scan on "ANY_subquery"  (cost=3D0.00..59.42
rows=3D605 width=3D28) (actual time=3D0.032..1.237 rows=3D605 loops=3D1)
                       ->  Limit  (cost=3D0.00..53.37 rows=3D605 width=3D32)
(actual time=3D0.031..0.909 rows=3D605 loops=3D1)
                             ->  Index Scan using commit_tree on commits =

(cost=3D0.00..13481.52 rows=3D152837 width=3D32) (actual time=3D0.030..0.799
rows=3D605 loops=3D1)
           ->  Index Scan using commits_pkey on commits  (cost=3D0.00..7.54
rows=3D1 width=3D173) (actual time=3D0.039..0.040 rows=3D1 loops=3D605)
                 Index Cond: ((id)::text =3D ("ANY_subquery".id)::text)
                 Filter: (tree_other IS NULL)
                 Rows Removed by Filter: 0
   ->  Sort  (cost=3D14.88..16.36 rows=3D595 width=3D436) (actual
time=3D29.367..29.367 rows=3D1 loops=3D1)
         Sort Key: candidates.tree_high
         Sort Method: top-N heapsort  Memory: 25kB
         ->  CTE Scan on candidates  (cost=3D0.00..11.90 rows=3D595 width=
=3D436)
(actual time=3D2.015..28.850 rows=3D543 loops=3D1)
 Total runtime: 29.562 ms
(16 rows)

So is there something I could be doing wrong, or is this a bug?