Обсуждение: insert or update within transaction

Hi,
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/sql-update.html
has an example where an either an insert or update is done according if 
a key already exists.
The example is about wines. I did it with numbers.

drop table if exists tbl;
create table tbl ( key int primary key, val int );
insert into tbl ( key, val ) values ( 1, 1 ), ( 2, 2 ), ( 3, 3 ), ( 8, 8 );

So the key 8 exists.
Now I issue the commands according to the example in the docu:

BEGIN;
-- other operations
SAVEPOINT sp1;
INSERT INTO tbl VALUES( 8, 15 );
-- Assume the above fails because of a unique key violation,
-- so now we issue these commands:
ROLLBACK TO sp1;
UPDATE tbl SET val = 15 WHERE key = 8;
-- continue with other operations, and eventually
COMMIT;

Instead of the update the query fails with an double key value error for 
the primary key.
Shouldn't the insert fail, get rolled back and then exercute an update 
instead successfully?

Now if this actually worked would be nice but is there a more general 
statement that does an insert if the key doesn't exist or an update if 
it allready is there?
As I understand if the example above worked, it rolled back the insert 
in any case and so it is actually equivalent to the update anyway.
If the key 8 doesnt't exist the example does actually nothing to the table.

On Sat, Sep 17, 2011 at 10:52 AM, Andreas <maps.on@gmx.net> wrote:
> Instead of the update the query fails with an double key value error for the
> primary key.
> Shouldn't the insert fail, get rolled back and then exercute an update
> instead successfully?

Yes, and that is indeed what I see when I run your example SQL. At the
end, I see this:

test=# SELECT * FROM tbl;key | val
-----+-----  1 |   1  2 |   2  3 |   3  8 |  15
(4 rows)

(i.e. the row with "key" = 8 got updated, settings its "val" = 15)

> Now if this actually worked would be nice but is there a more general
> statement that does an insert if the key doesn't exist or an update if it
> allready is there?

Sounds like you're looking for the MERGE statement, which doesn't
exist in PostgreSQL yet. You might want to check out:
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/plpgsql-control-structures.html#PLPGSQL-UPSERT-EXAMPLE

Josh